Arithmetic and geometry are at the foundation of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. They are universally included in primary school programs, using commonly a teaching approach that is primarily based on the visual modality. However, the crucial arithmetical and geometrical concepts (e.g., counting, measuring distances) are heavily grounded on other modalities (audition, touch) and naturally linked to artistic expressions.
The relationships of crucial components of music such as pitch and melody, tempo and rhythm, harmony with numbers and fractions, has been recognised since ancient times. The application of geometry in drawing and painting is widespread in all ages (since the Renaissance studies on perspective to contemporary art, e.g. cubism).